The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.